That sound of a door slamming last week was Eran Hammer storming out of the OAuth standardization process, declaring once and for all that the technology was dead and that he would no longer be a part of it. Tantrums and controversy make great social media copy, so it didn’t take long before everyone seemed to be talking about this one. In some quarters, you’d hardly know the London Olympics had begun.
So what are we to really make of all this? Is OAuth dead or at least on “the road to Hell”, as Eran now-famously put it? Certainly, my inbox is full of emails from people asking if they should stop building their security architecture around such a tainted specification.
I think Tim Bray, who has vast experience with the relative ups and downs of technology standardization, offered the best answer in his own blog:
“It’s done. Stick a fork in it. Ship the RFCs.”
Which is to say sometimes you just have to declare a reasonable victory and deal with the consequences later. OAuth isn’t perfect, nor is it easy. But it’s needed and it’s needed now, so let’s all forget the personality politics and just get it done. And hopefully, right across the street from me here in Vancouver, where the IETF is holding it’s meetings all this week, this is what will happen.
In the end, OAuth is something we all need and this is why this specification remains important. The genius of OAuth is that it empowers people to perform delegated authorization on their own, without the involvement of a cabal of security admins. And this is something that is really quite profound.
In the past, we’ve been shackled by the centralization of control around identity and entitlements (a fancy term which really just describes the set of actions your identity is allowed, such as writing to a particular file system). This has led to a status quo in nearly every organization that is maintained first because it is hard to do otherwise but also because this equals power, which is something that is rarely surrendered without a fight.
The problem is that centralized identity admin can never effectively scale, at least from an administrative perspective. With OAuth, we can finally scale authentication and authorization by leveraging the user population itself — and this is the one thing that stands a chance of shattering the monopoly on centralized identity and access management (IAM). OAuth undermined the castle and the real noise we are hearing isn’t infighting on the spec but the enterprise walls falling down.
Here is the important insight of OAuth 2.0: delegated authorization also solves that basic security sessioning problem of all apps running over stateless protocols like HTTP. Think about this for a minute: The basic Web architecture provides for complete authentication on every transaction. This is dumb, so we have come up with all sorts of security context tracking mechanisms, using cookies, proprietary tokens etc. The problem with many of these is that they don’t constrain entitlements at all; a cookie is as good as a password because it really just linearly maps back to an original act of authentication.
OAuth formalizes this process but adds in the idea of constraint with informed user consent. And this, ladies and gentlemen, is why OAuth matters. In OAuth, you exchange a password (or other primary security token) for a time-bound access token with a limited set of capabilities to which you have explicitly agreed. In other words, the token expires fast and is good for one thing only. So you can pass it off to something else (like Twitter) and reduce your risk profile or — and this is the key insight of OAuth 2.0 — you can just use it yourself as a better security session tracker.
The problem with OAuth 2.0 is that it’s surprisingly hard to get to this simple idea from the explosion of protocol in OAuth 1.0a. Both specs too-quickly reduce to an exercise in swim lane diagram detail, which ironically runs counter to the movement towards simplicity and accessibility that drives today’s Web. And therein lies the rub. OAuth is more a victim of poor marketing than bad specsmanship. I have yet to see a good, simple explanation of why, followed by how. (I don’t think OAuth 1.0 was well served by the valet key analogy, which distracts from too many important insights.) As it stands today, OAuth 2.0 makes Kerberos specs seem like grade school primer material.
It doesn’t have to be this way. OAuth is actually deceptively simple; it is the mechanics that remain potentially complex (particularly those of the classic 1.0a, three-legged scenario). But the same can be said of SSL/TLS, which we all use daily with few problems. What OAuth needs is a set of dead simple (but nonetheless solid) libraries on the client side and equally simple, scalable support on the server. This is a tractable problem and it is coming. It also needs much better interpretation, so that people can understand it fast.
Personally, I agree in part with Eran Hammer’s wish buried in the conclusion of his blog entry:
“I’m hoping someone will take 2.0 and produce a 10-page profile that’s useful for the vast majority of Web providers, ignoring the enterprise.”
OAuth absolutely does need simple profiling for interop. But don’t ignore the enterprise. The enterprise really needs the profile too because the enterprise badly needs OAuth.
In the new hybrid enterprise, organizations need to manage business functions that flow across their domain boundaries in all directions. Increasingly, this means using APIs as conduits for opening up information to services running in the cloud and apps running on mobile devices like the iPad. For enterprises, securing and governing these APIs is not straightforward.
